{"id":640,"date":"2017-09-04T09:35:49","date_gmt":"2017-09-04T07:35:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.archeoweb.ch\/expo\/archeonimaux\/portraits-danimaux\/le-chien\/la-domestication\/"},"modified":"2020-03-30T13:58:06","modified_gmt":"2020-03-30T11:58:06","slug":"la-domestication","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/archeolab.app\/archeonimaux\/portraits-danimaux\/le-chien\/la-domestication\/","title":{"rendered":"La domestication"},"content":{"rendered":"

Un des rares sujets \u00e0 propos desquels les scientifiques s’accordent est que le chien a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier animal domestiqu\u00e9 par l’homme. La date exacte de sa domestication est tr\u00e8s difficile \u00e0 \u00e9tablir : des recherches ont lieu en permanence et les nouveaux r\u00e9sultats remettent sans cesse en question les affirmations plus anciennes.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
M\u00e9tamorphose d\u2019Act\u00e9on en cerf d\u00e9vor\u00e9 par ses chiens. Crat\u00e8re attique \u00e0 figures rouges, peintre de Pan, vers 470 avant J.-C., Boston, Museum of Fine Arts.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

En effet en 2009, un cr\u00e2ne retrouv\u00e9 dans la grotte de Goyet (en Belgique) et dat\u00e9 de 31700 ans a \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9, notamment gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des analyses cr\u00e2niennes, comme \u00e9tant un chien domestiqu\u00e9. Des \u00e9tudes de 2011 et 2013 men\u00e9es sur un cr\u00e2ne du massif de l’Alta\u00ef (cha\u00eene de montagne d’Asie \u00e9tendue sur la Russie, la Chine, la Mongolie et le Kazakhstan) allaient dans le m\u00eame sens d’une domestication du chien dat\u00e9e d’il y a environ 30000 ans (pal\u00e9olithique). Mais en 2015, l\u2019\u00e9tude d\u2019un cr\u00e2ne russe vieux d\u2019environ 14000 ans, attribu\u00e9 \u00e0 un loup, suivie de nouvelles recherches sur des cr\u00e2nes anciennement connus, ont chang\u00e9 la donne\u00a0: la domestication du chien ne daterait finalement que du n\u00e9olithique, il y a 10000 ans.<\/p>\n

La domestication du chien est d\u00e9licate \u00e0 dater de fa\u00e7on pr\u00e9cise probablement car nous ne devrions pas parler de domestication du chien mais plut\u00f4t de lente transformation du loup en chien ! En effet, \u00e0 partir d’une certaine \u00e9poque, les chasseurs ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 ramener de la chasse des louveteaux non sevr\u00e9s de meutes de loups et les ont donn\u00e9s \u00e0 leurs femmes\u00a0; celles-ci ont \u00e9lev\u00e9 les louveteaux au sein de la communaut\u00e9 de chasseurs-cueilleurs en les nourrissant au sein. Il ne semble donc pas possible ou en tout cas tr\u00e8s difficile pour les scientifiques d’\u00e9tablir une date pr\u00e9cise car ce processus de transformation du loup en chien a d\u00fb s’\u00e9tendre sur plusieurs milliers d’ann\u00e9es et n’a pas constitu\u00e9 un basculement soudain.<\/p>\n

Quelle que soit la datation exacte de la domestication du chien, il s’agit \u00e9galement de s’int\u00e9resser aux raisons de cette domestication : la raison initiale est probablement l’utilisation du chien pour la chasse. Et \u00e0 ce titre, la premi\u00e8re attestation de la domestication du chien dans l’art se trouverait dans l’art pari\u00e9tal. C’est dans la grotte de Vieja (Cueva de la Vieja, pr\u00e8s d’Alpera, en Espagne) qu’ont \u00e9t\u00e9 retrouv\u00e9es sept repr\u00e9sentations de loups ou canid\u00e9s dont une est consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un chien domestiqu\u00e9. Celui-ci est en effet repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 chassant un cerf aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s d’un homme. Ces peintures murales sont dat\u00e9es d’environ 10000 avant J.-C. et constituent pour l’instant les plus vieilles repr\u00e9sentations d’un chien que l’on peut consid\u00e9rer comme domestiqu\u00e9.<\/p>\n

\u21d2 Quelques proverbes m\u00e9sopotamiens<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Un des rares sujets \u00e0 propos desquels les scientifiques s’accordent est que le chien a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier animal domestiqu\u00e9 par l’homme. La date exacte de sa domestication est tr\u00e8s … Continuer la lecture de La domestication<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":637,"menu_order":3,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-640","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLa domestication - Arch\u00e9onimaux<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/archeolab.app\/archeonimaux\/portraits-danimaux\/le-chien\/la-domestication\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"La domestication - Arch\u00e9onimaux\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Un des rares sujets \u00e0 propos desquels les scientifiques s’accordent est que le chien a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier animal domestiqu\u00e9 par l’homme. 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